Autism and Diet Study Guide
This is not intended as medical advice, it is for research purposes only. This is also a rough draft and will be expanded on in the future. This is not to promote any particular diet. It is intended to help parents and other interested parties be aware of research and information that is available on the subject of autism, diet and gi dysfunction.
-Articles
-Current Research Specifically for Autism (updated 8/29/2012)
-Vitamins, Minerals and Other Nutrients (updated 4/7/2013)
-Special Diets, Picky Eating, and Malnutrition Concerns(updated 11/20/2011)
-Food Allergy and Gut Dysfunction
-All in the Family (updated 8/19/2011)
-Why Gluten?
-Those Crazy Yeast Theories
-Other Links
Articles
Studies Implicate Gut Bacteria in Autism http://gottschallcenter.com/?p=357
Autism and the Human Gut Flora by Dr. Max Bingham published on the Environmental Illness Resouce
Autism test could make the condition 'preventable' By Richard Alleyne, Science Correspondent
Published: 6:00PM BST 03 Jun 2010 by the Telegraph
Autism: It's Not Just in the Head by Jill Neimark Discover Magazine April 2007 http://discovermagazine.com/2007/apr/autism-it2019s-not-just-in-the-head/article_view
Autism: a rising problem Original Internist, Sept, 2003 by Nikhil V. Jathar, Vithal S. Jathar http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FDL/is_3_10/ai_n18616482/
Current Research
A Microbial Association with Autism
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3280447/pdf/mBio.00019-12.pdf
Low Relative Abundances of the Mucolytic Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium spp. in Feces of Children with Autism wwwncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187122/.
Gut Microbiota and Pediatric Disease www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22179208
Impaired Carbohydrate Digestion and Transport and Mucosal Dysbiosis in the Intestines of Children with Autism and Gastrointestinal Disturbances
www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024585
Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who exhibit chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and marked fluctuation of behavioral symptoms exhibit distinct innate immune abnormalities and transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood (PB) monocytes. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21803429
Gastrointestinal flora and gastrointestinal status in children with autism -- comparisons to neurotypical children and correlation with autism severity. www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-230x-11-22.pdf
Intestinal Microflora of Autistic Children http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21114016
Biomedical Treatments for Autistism Spectrum Disorders Scientific References and Abstracts. A site maintained to offer medical literature on the biomedical interventions in autism.
Alterations of the Intestinal Barrier in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorders and in Their First-degree Relatives http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20683204
Pyrosequencing study of fecal microflora of autistic and control children. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603222
Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Individuals With ASDs: A Consensus Report in Journal of Pediatrics Published online January 4, 2010 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/125/Supplement_1/S1
Listen to Speech from Maine CDC Autism Conference 2009
Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Co-Morbidities in Autism by Timothy Biue, M.D. ( Pediatric Gastroenterologist, LADDERS Program, MassGeneral Hospital for Children Harvard Medical School)
http://www.wellsphere.com/autism-autism-spectrum-article/the-media-misrepresents-tim-buie-on-dietary-intervention-in-autism/937023
Gastrointestinal Illness In Autism: An Interview with Tim Buie, M.D. by Kulani Mahikoa In Autism Advocate http://www.autism-society.org/site/DocServer/Pages_32-34EH.pdf?docID=10446
Is There a Link Between Autism and the Gut? Interview with Timothy Buie, M.D. http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/children/specialtiesandservices/ladders/autism_and_the_gut.aspx
Autism spectrum disorders and allergy: observation from a pediatric allergy/immunology clinic http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20441426
Innate immunity associated with inflammatory responses and cytokine production against common dietary proteins in patients with autism spectrum disorder. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12378124
Syndrome of allergy, apraxia, and malabsorption: characterization of a neurodevelopmental phenotype that responds to omega 3 and vitamin E supplementation http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19623831
Gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of children with pervasive developmental disorders. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18791817
The ScanBrit randomised, controlled, single-blind study of a gluten- and casein-free dietary intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20406576
Effectiveness of the Gluten‐Free, Casein‐Free Dietary Treatment for Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Based on Parental Report www.docstoc.com/docs/43562500/Effectiveness-of-the-Gluten-Free-Casein-Free-Dietary-Treatment-for
Autistic Disorder and GI Disease by Karoly Horvath M.D.,Ph.D. and Jay A. Perman M.D. www.direct-ms.org/pdf/LeakyGutOther/Horvath.pdf
Gastointestinal Pathology in Autism: Description and Treatment Arthur Kriggsman, M.D. www.medicalveritas.com/AKrigsman.pdf
Gut Microorganisms and Autism: the Latest Research This site is loaded with research! www.microbialinfluence.com
The Autism Research Institute also has Advances In Research : Table Of Contentswhich has links to research abstracts on autism related health topics
Vitamins, Minerals and other Nutrients
Nutritional and metabolic status of children with autism vs. neurotypical children, and the association with autism severity. Nutrition and Metabolism 6/2011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135510/
Infantile zinc deficiency: Association with autism spectrum disorders www.nature.com/srep/2011/111103/srep00129/full/srep00129.html
Special Diets, Picky Eating, and Malnutrition Concerns
Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting - Lack of Food Variety Puts Kids with Autism at Risk for Poor Nutrition http://www.fabresearch.org/1367
Does nutritional intake differ between children with autism spectrum disorders and children with typical development? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18600441
Dietary intake and parents' perception of mealtime behaviors in preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder and in typically developing children.
Reduced bone cortical thickness in boys with autism or autism spectrum disorder http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17879151
Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines and evaluation of nutrient intake in 7-year-old children http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19656438
Gluten and casein free diets in autism: a study of the effects on food choice and nutrition. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153499
Dysregulated innate immune responses in young children with autism spectrum disorders: their relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms and dietary intervention. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15741748
Food Allergy and Gut Dysfunction
Article: Autism Spectrum Disorders and Allergy: Possible Effects of Allergic & Nonallergic Disorders on Cognition & Behavioral Symptoms www.medscape.com/viewarticle/721702_3
Non-IgE mediated food allergy http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18782024
Neuroimmune interaction and anorectal motility in children with food allergy-related chronic constipation. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19174791
Educational clinical case series for pediatric allergy and immunology: allergic proctocolitis, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis with protein-losing gastroenteropathy as manifestations of non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17584315
Allergic gastrointestinal motility disorders in infancy and early childhood.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18713339
Gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergies in pediatric patients. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16207693
The spectrum of gastrointestinal allergies to food. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6391292
Colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in children: relationship to food hypersensitivity. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17368236
Association of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders with other atopic disorders. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141344
The link between allergies and eosinophilic esophagitis: implications for management strategies. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20161677
Clinical presentation of feeding dysfunction in children with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141342
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in children and adolescents with regard to food intolerance http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17357334
Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15361495
All in the Family
The prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in children across the United States with autism spectrum disorders from families with multiple affected members. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21555957
Association of family history of autoimmune diseases and autism spectrum disorders. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19581261
Gastrointestinal symptoms in children with an autism spectrum disorder and language regression. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19027584
Increased prevalence of familial autoimmunity in probands with pervasive developmental disorders. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/112/5/e420
Familial clustering of autoimmune disorders and evaluation of medical risk factors in autism http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10385847
Distinct genetic risk based on association of MET in families with co-occurring autism and gastrointestinal conditions. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19255034
Familial association between type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune and related diseases. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19543881
Familial association of inflammatory bowel diseases with other autoimmune and related diseases. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19707191
Familial associations of rheumatoid arthritis with autoimmune diseases and related conditions. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19248111
Mannose-binding lectin and maladies of the bowel and liver. http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/12/6420.asp
Why Gluten?
[The predictive value of antigliadin antibodies (AGA) in the diagnosis of non-celiac gastrointestinal disease in children] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8341233
Gliadin, zonulin and gut permeability: Effects on celiac and non-celiac intestinal mucosa and intestinal cell lines. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16635908
Tight junctions, intestinal permeability, and autoimmunity: celiac disease and type 1 diabetes paradigms http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19538307
Zonulin upregulation is associated with increased gut permeability in subjects with type 1 diabetes and their relatives http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16644703
Role of Intestinal Bacteria in Gliadin-Induced Changes in Intestinal Mucosa: Study in Germ-Free Ratswww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020961
Those Crazy Yeast Theories
Yeasts: neglected pathogens http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203505
Ecology of Candida albicans gut colonization: inhibition of Candida adhesion, colonization, and dissemination from the gastrointestinal tract by bacterial antagonism. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3897061
Antibodies against glucan, chitin, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan as new biomarkers of Candida albicans infection that complement tests based on C. albicans mannan. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2593178/?tool=pubmed
Cleavage of E-cadherin: a mechanism for disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier by Candida albicans. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17383595
Aberrant responses to TLR agonists in pediatric IBD patients; the possible association with increased production of Th1/Th17 cytokines in response to candida, a luminal antigen. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19725895
Candida albicans is an immunogen for anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody markers of Crohn's disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16697740
[Anti-glycan antibodies establish an unexpected link between C. albicans and Crohn disease] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19480828
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in coeliac disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17558905
Disappearance of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in coeliac disease during a gluten-free diet http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357623
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies are frequent in type 1 diabetes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20387011
Diagnostic Role and Clinical Association of ASCA and ANCA in Brazilian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19826949
Serological markers in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of their clinical utility. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858012
Intestinal barrier gene variants may not explain the increased levels of antigliadin antibodies, suggesting other mechanisms than altered permeability. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20096742
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies--a novel serologic marker for Behçet's disease. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12371630/
Effect of Candida albicans cell wall glucan as adjuvant for induction of autoimmune arthritis in mice. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16242302
Preventive strategy for Candida gut translocation during ischemia-reperfusion injury supervening on protein-calorie malnutrition. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16412035
Other Links
Roos Clues a blog by a mother of an almost recovered son. She discusses research and other topics on autism and autoimmunity
Behavioural Neurotherapy Clinic "ADHD, Adult ADHD, Learning Difficulties, Dyslexia, autism and IBS have underlying causes, which we are committed to investigating and treating. " www.adhd.com.au
The Seat of the Soul; The Origins of the Autism Epidemic by ANDREW WAKEFIELD, MB, BS, FRCS, FRCPath Presented at Carnegie Mellon University, November 17, 2005 (By a controversial figure in autism, but well worth reading). http://www.whale.to/v/wakefield23.html
Stan Kurtz A parent-researcher-autism activist www.stankurtz.com
